A server log is a file or multiple files created and maintained automatically by a server. These logs list server activities. For instance, a web server log tracks page requests. The W3C defines a standard format, the Common Log Format, for web server logs. Other proprietary formats also exist. New entries are usually added to the file’s end.
Server logs often include details like the client’s IP address, request date and time, requested page, HTTP code, bytes served, user agent, and referrer. This data may be compiled into one file or split into separate logs, such as access logs, error logs, or referrer logs. Typically, server logs don’t collect personal user information and are usually accessible only to webmasters or administrators.
Analyzing server logs reveals traffic patterns, like time of day or day of the week. It can enhance website management, optimize hosting resources, and improve marketing strategies. Organizations with websites should train their marketing teams to use these tools effectively.